No deposit, no monthly insurance, one fee
A VA loan is the only mainstream way to buy a house in the United States with nothing down and no monthly mortgage insurance. Both of those are unusual and the second is the one that matters most over time: a conventional or FHA borrower at a small deposit pays an insurance premium every month for years, and a VA borrower pays none at all.
What pays for the guarantee instead is a single funding fee, charged once at closing and usually added to the loan. Over a full term the trade is almost always in the borrower's favour, which is why the comparison is worth making rather than assuming.
The fee depends on three things, and one of them is the date
The rate is set by the deposit, by whether the entitlement has been used before, and by when the loan closes. Nothing down attracts the highest rate, five per cent lowers it, ten per cent lowers it again, and a repeat use at nothing down currently costs more than a first use.
The dependency almost nobody knows about is the last one. The statute writes its table as rows each carrying a window, and the rates in force are legislated to step down to lower ones in June 2034. That is in the law today; it is not in the Department's summary page, and it is not in most calculators. This page reads the table by date so that it stays right rather than becoming wrong on a particular morning.
The exemption
A borrower receiving compensation for a service-connected disability pays no funding fee at all, and there are other exempt categories. On a typical purchase that is several thousand dollars, so the box is worth ticking and worth checking.
Whether it applies is the Department's determination and not something a calculator can work out. It is recorded on the certificate of eligibility, which is also where entitlement is confirmed.
What this page does not model
Eligibility of any kind, entitlement already used on another property, the rules for a loan assumed from somebody else, interest rate reduction refinances, and Native American Direct Loans are all outside it. There is no loan limit here because a borrower with full entitlement does not have one, and closing costs other than the funding fee are not included.